A Comprehensive Guide to the Type Analysis, Operation, and Maintenance of Crushers

 

In fields such as mine development, building demolition, and renewable resource recycling, crushing equipment serves as the core equipment for material processing. Its selection and operation directly affect the operating efficiency of production lines. With technological progress, modern crushing machinery has developed a diversified product system suitable for different working conditions. Understanding the performance advantages of various types of equipment is crucial for precise model selection.

 

Mainstream crushing equipment types and their application scenarios:

1. Jaw crushing device

As the preferred equipment for the coarse - crushing process, its unique reciprocating motion of the movable jaw plate can powerfully crush high - hardness ores such as granite and basalt. The wedge - shaped adjustment mechanism can quickly adjust the discharge particle size. It is widely used in the primary crushing process of stone quarries, especially suitable for the working environment of processing large - sized materials and having strong adaptability to the site.

2. Impact crushing system

Through the impact action of the high - speed rotating rotor and blow bars, this model can crush medium - hardness materials such as concrete blocks and construction waste into regular cubic particles. Its multi - chamber design allows for flexible adjustment of the crushing stages, demonstrating excellent particle shape control ability in the production of manufactured sand and aggregate shaping processes.

3. Cone crushing unit

The cone - type equipment based on the principle of laminating crushing can achieve precise discharge opening control through the hydraulic adjustment system. It is especially suitable for processing highly abrasive materials such as river pebbles and iron ores. The optimized crushing chamber design enables it to maintain a stable processing capacity during continuous operation, making it the main model for the medium - crushing stage in large - scale sand and aggregate production lines.

4. Hammer crushing equipment

Equipped with a dynamic crushing system with rotatable hammers, it can complete the fine - crushing operation of brittle materials such as coal gangue and limestone through high - speed impact. The modular design of the hammer assembly facilitates quick replacement, having significant cost advantages in the fields of raw cement meal preparation and coke crushing.

 

Equipment operation specifications and maintenance key points:

During the startup preparation stage, operators need to perform three basic checks: visually confirm the integrity of the protective device, manually turn the transmission parts to verify the flexibility of operation, and detect the unobstructedness of the lubrication system oil circuit. It is recommended to conduct a no - load test run before each startup. After the equipment reaches the rated speed, gradually feed materials to avoid mechanical damage caused by sudden load impact.

During the operation monitoring process, focus on the temperature change curve of the bearings. When the temperature rise exceeds 65°C, immediately stop the machine for troubleshooting. Adopt a regular and quantitative lubrication system, and select lithium - based grease or complex calcium - based lubricating grease according to the working intensity of the equipment. Use vibration sensors to monitor the operating status of the equipment in real - time. Abnormal noises often indicate potential faults such as loose liners or rotor imbalance.

The shutdown operation process should follow the principle of "emptying the bin - powering off - re - checking": first, close the feeding device, and cut off the main power supply after all the materials in the crushing chamber are discharged. For equipment that processes viscous materials, it is recommended to use compressed air to clean the adhesives remaining in the crushing chamber after shutdown to prevent the hardening of materials from affecting the next startup.

In terms of the maintenance system construction, it is recommended to establish a three - level maintenance system: operators conduct daily inspections of fasteners and dust cleaning, the technical team conducts monthly thickness detection of wear - resistant parts and calibration of the transmission system, and professional engineers conduct quarterly pressure tests of the hydraulic system and insulation tests of electrical components. Pay special attention to the wear repair of the cutter edges. Dull crushing parts can increase energy consumption by more than 30%.

 

Equipment selection decision - making factors:

Material characteristics are the primary consideration for model selection, including key indicators such as Mohs hardness, moisture content, and mud content. For shale - type materials with a flaky structure, it is advisable to select models with a shearing and crushing function; when processing construction waste with a large amount of metal impurities, an iron - passing protection device should be configured. The production scale determines the equipment specifications. Small and medium - sized production lines can use combined mobile crushing stations, while megaton - level sand and gravel systems need to be equipped with multi - stage joint operation units.

With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, new - type crushing equipment is generally equipped with pulse dust removal systems and noise - reduction modules. It is recommended to select models with a hydraulic chamber - cleaning function, which can significantly shorten the fault - handling time. For high - altitude or extremely cold regions, special attention should be paid to the low - temperature startup performance and power reserve coefficient of the equipment.

Through scientific model selection and standardized operation, the service life of crushing equipment can be extended by more than 40%. It is recommended to establish a digital operation and maintenance platform to collect equipment operation data in real - time, use big - data analysis to predict the replacement cycle of vulnerable parts, and achieve the transformation and upgrading from preventive maintenance to predictive maintenance. Regularly participating in technical training organized by equipment manufacturers and timely mastering the application solutions of new - type wear - resistant materials and intelligent control systems can effectively improve the comprehensive benefits of production lines