A Comprehensive Analysis of the Working Principle and Maintenance of Jaw Crushers

 

I. How does a jaw crusher crush materials?

Jaw crushers complete the crushing operation by simulating the biting action of a biological double - jaw. The core of the equipment consists of two high - strength manganese steel jaw plates: the fixed jaw plate and the movable jaw plate form a wedge - shaped crushing chamber. When materials are fed from the top inlet, the movable jaw plate reciprocates driven by the eccentric shaft, gradually pushing the materials towards the fixed jaw plate. During this process, the materials are subjected to both extrusion and shearing forces, and their internal structures gradually break, finally forming particles that meet the specifications and are discharged from the bottom outlet.

The crushing efficiency of the equipment depends on the movement trajectory of the jaw plates and the design of the crushing chamber. The optimized curved surface structure can reduce the sliding of materials, distribute the crushing force evenly, and simultaneously reduce the energy consumption of the equipment.

 

II. Analysis of the core advantages of the equipment

1. High - strength crushing ability

Adopting a modular structure design and high - wear - resistant materials, it can process materials such as ores, basalt, and granite with a Mohs hardness of less than 7. The single - machine processing capacity can reach 2200 tons per hour, making it suitable for the first - stage crushing process of large - scale production lines.

2. Low - failure - rate design

The streamlined mechanical structure reduces the number of transmission parts, and the key bearing parts use a thin - oil lubrication system, significantly reducing frictional losses. Users can quickly troubleshoot blockage or abnormal wear problems through the visual observation port.

3. Wide range of adaptable scenarios

From the recycling treatment of construction waste to the primary crushing of metal mines, the equipment can flexibly adapt to different production needs by adjusting the size of the discharge port (in the range of 10 - 350mm). Some models support a hydraulic adjustment system for one - key parameter adjustment.

 

III. Key operation guidelines for daily maintenance

1. Lubrication system management

Check the status of the lubricating grease at parts such as the main bearing and toggle plate support every 8 hours, and promptly replenish lithium - based grease or synthetic lubricants. In the low - temperature environment in winter, special low - temperature grease should be used to avoid lubrication failure caused by reduced fluidity.

2. Periodic inspection of fasteners

The vibration generated during the operation of the equipment can easily cause the bolts to loosen. It is recommended to retighten the fixing bolts of the frame and jaw plates with a torque wrench every 72 hours. The tightening torque must strictly follow the standard values in the equipment manual.

3. Cleaning specifications for the crushing chamber

After shutting down the equipment, remove the metal foreign objects or ultra - hard materials remaining in the crushing chamber. It is recommended to configure a linkage device of a metal detector and an iron remover. Use a high - pressure air gun to remove dust accumulation during cleaning to avoid affecting the biting accuracy of the jaw plates.

4. Protective measures for the electrical system

Regularly detect the insulation resistance value of the motor. During rainy - season operations, strengthen the waterproof sealing of the junction box. Installing an overload protection relay can effectively prevent the motor from burning out due to material blockage.

 

IV. Equipment selection and upgrading trends

With the development of intelligent technology, new - type jaw crushers have integrated Internet of Things sensors and remote monitoring modules, which can monitor real - time operating data such as bearing temperature and vibration frequency. When selecting equipment, users need to focus on evaluating the feed size, production capacity requirements, and power configuration. It is advisable to give priority to models equipped with hydraulic overload protection and automatic lubrication systems to improve the safety and continuity of the production line.

Through scientific operation and maintenance, the comprehensive service life of jaw crushers can be extended by more than 30%. It is recommended that users establish an operation record, record the data of each maintenance, and provide a basis for preventive maintenance.